{"id":470,"date":"2025-10-06T05:44:54","date_gmt":"2025-10-06T05:44:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/?page_id=470"},"modified":"2025-10-06T07:54:57","modified_gmt":"2025-10-06T07:54:57","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/research\/","title":{"rendered":"Research"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<p>This is the list of resources that guided our exploration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Psychology<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/a-touch-to-remember\/\">A Touch to Remember The sense of touch generates surprisingly powerful and long-lasting memories<\/a>: Scientific American January 8, 2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>touch leaves a memory trace that persists long after the physical sensation is gone<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>information appears to be stored without much conscious awareness<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/la.disneyresearch.com\/publication\/feel-effects\">Feel Effects: Enriching Storytelling with Haptic Feedback<\/a>: ACM Symposium on Applied Perception (SAP) 2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The three basic parameters to test on haptic primitives are intensity, frequency, and duration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Chapter on Touch, page 429-447, Sensation and Perception 6th by Jeremy Wolfe<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Human temporal sensitivity (5ms) is better than vision (25ms) but worse than audio (0.01ms)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Intermodal feelings with other senses either: compete for brain&#8217;s attention, or complement to build up 1 representation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Haptic exploratory procedures<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"990\" height=\"672\" src=\"https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-06-023753.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-487\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-06-023753.png 990w, https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-06-023753-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-06-023753-768x521.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 990px) 100vw, 990px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"794\" src=\"https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/vivian-haptics-2-1024x794.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-434\" style=\"width:328px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/vivian-haptics-2-1024x794.png 1024w, https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/vivian-haptics-2-300x233.png 300w, https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/vivian-haptics-2-768x596.png 768w, https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/vivian-haptics-2.png 1466w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3230645\">Toward Affective Handles for Tuning Vibrations<\/a>: ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP), Volume 15, Issue 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>three emotion dimensions (agitation, liveliness, and strangeness)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>an automatable algorithm can increase a vibration\u2019s perceived agitation and liveliness to different degrees via signal energy, while increasing its discontinuity or randomness makes it more strange.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Gloves<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sensations can be given by<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vibrotactile (most common, the same vibrations as phone vibrations)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Microfluidic<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Air or fluid.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Usage of gloves are common in<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Training for hand motions such as using a delicate machine (force feedback useful).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gaming sensations feedback.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/commercial-glove-comparison.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-346\" style=\"width:610px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/commercial-glove-comparison.png 960w, https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/commercial-glove-comparison-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/commercial-glove-comparison-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>bHaptic TactGlove DK2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>No temperature<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>No force feedback<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>6 vibrotactile feedback points<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Out of all 312 bHaptics supported games, only 9 worked with TactGlove<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"803\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/bhaptic-games-803x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-504\" style=\"width:410px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/bhaptic-games-803x1024.jpg 803w, https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/bhaptic-games-235x300.jpg 235w, https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/bhaptic-games-768x979.jpg 768w, https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/bhaptic-games-1205x1536.jpg 1205w, https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/bhaptic-games-1606x2048.jpg 1606w, https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/bhaptic-games.jpg 1668w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 803px) 100vw, 803px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>HaptX<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Even with the most complex gloves in the current market, without temperature, water still has to be simulated by audio and visual contexts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Human-Computer Interaction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9163302\">Mapping the Sensory-Perceptual Space of Vibration for User-Centered Intuitive Tactile Design<\/a>: IEEE Transactions on Haptics &gt; Volume: 14 Issue: 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>physical vibration parameters (level, frequency, modulation frequency, bandwidth and decay rate)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>perceptual attribute \u201cweak,\u201d which is highly negatively correlated to the sensation level of the vibration.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>perceptual attribute \u201cup and down,\u201d which is highly negatively correlated with vibration frequency.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>perceptual attribute \u201ctingling,\u201d which is highly positively correlated with vibration frequency.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>perceptual attribute \u201crepetitive,\u201d which can be used to describe AM vibration and is thus highly correlated with modulation frequency.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>perceptual attribute \u201cfading,\u201d which can be used to distinguish between transient and nontransient vibration signals and is thus highly correlated with the decay rate.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>perceptual attribute \u201cuniform,\u201d which can be used to distinguish between stochastic (noise) and periodic vibration and which is negatively correlated with the bandwidth parameter.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/aisy.202400758\">Text-to-Haptics: Enhancing Multisensory Storytelling through Emotionally Congruent Midair Haptics<\/a>: Advanced Intelligent Systems<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>multisensory elements should be considered beyond simple \u201cadd-ons\u201d and advocated for experimentation with new kinds of storytelling taking inspiration from multisensory design research and work on sensory substitution<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S3050741325000217\">Designing Interactive Pneumatic Interfaces for Enhanced Movie Responses<\/a>: Design and Artificial Intelligence 2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>findings suggest that haptic parameters can dynamically enhance the emotional response of cinematic experiences, offering a multisensory approach to storytelling.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>in scenes designed to evoke joy or excitement, high-frequency and goosebump-textured stimuli intensified engagement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>in tranquil scenes, low-frequency and smooth textures supported the intended emotional tone.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9929479\">Touch the Story: An immersive mid-air haptic experience<\/a>: 2022 International Conference on Interactive Media, Smart Systems and Emerging Technologies (IMET)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"978\" src=\"https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/feel-effects-1024x978.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-500\" style=\"width:522px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/feel-effects-1024x978.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/feel-effects-300x287.jpg 300w, https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/feel-effects-768x734.jpg 768w, https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/feel-effects-1536x1468.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/feel-effects.jpg 1594w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/hammer.purdue.edu\/articles\/thesis\/Utilizing_Haptic_Interfaces_for_Information_Transmission_and_Emotional_Effect_Two_Studies\/14842236?file=28570167\">Utilizing Haptic Interfaces for Information Transmission and Emotional Effect: Two Studies<\/a>: Purdue ECE Master Thesis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The second study explores whether haptics can enhance the perceived immersiveness, novelty, and creepiness of a haunted house via vibrotactile stimuli on user\u2019s palm, and concealed actuators rattled the user\u2019s chair. S\u00e9ance-themed audio and visuals provided narrative context.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nineteen of twenty-two participants reported that haptic effects increased their sense of immersion<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the influence of context on stimulus interpretation, as well as the unique payoffs when stimuli are tailored for a particular context.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1071581922001409\">A user-derived mapping for mid-air haptic experiences<\/a>: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies<br>Volume 168, December 2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>three parameters (frequency, pattern, and repetitions) and mappings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"543\" height=\"978\" src=\"https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/research-parameters.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-506\" style=\"width:349px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/research-parameters.png 543w, https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/research-parameters-167x300.png 167w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 543px) 100vw, 543px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Media and Previous Works<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/immerse.news\/do-you-feel-what-i-feel-cc1a3deda071\">Do You Feel What I Feel? The rise of haptic storytelling<\/a>: Medium 2018<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recount of explosion and touching rubble until at the end a warm human arm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Recount of snow falling and heat jumping on hand feels almost too intense.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>HaptX people mentioning how haptics will be used more on the market in the next few years.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geniuscrate.com\/the-science-of-immersion-how-haptic-feedback-enhances-gameplay\">The Science of Immersion: How Haptic Feedback Enhances Gameplay<\/a>: Geniuscrate<br>Oct 27, 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Haptic feedback impacts gameplay in three major ways: heightened realism, tactile storytelling, and emotional engagement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Heightened Realism By matching physical sensations to in-game actions, haptics make the gameplay feel authentic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>storytelling tool. In horror games, for example, subtle vibrations can increase tension, while sudden jolts heighten surprise and fear. The tactile cues enhance the emotional beats of the story, pulling players into the narrative. used in games to communicate feelings and environmental changes without relying on visuals alone.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Feeling the impact of in-game events increases emotional responses. In action-packed sequences, intense vibrations convey adrenaline, while gentle vibrations during calm moments create a relaxed atmosphere.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.siggraph.org\/2025\/05\/xr-body-image-simulation-for-empathy-and-awareness.html\/\">Haptics for Healing<\/a>: SIGGRAPH Conferences | 20 May 2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>EmBelt, a groundbreaking SIGGRAPH 2024 project that merges haptic technology with immersive VR storytelling to simulate the emotional and physical sensations associated with eating disorders and body image concerns.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/beverlyboy.com\/filmmaking\/what-is-haptic-visuality-in-cinema\/\">WHAT IS HAPTIC VISUALITY IN CINEMA?<\/a>: BEVERLY BOY PRODUCTION<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Haptic visuality describes how certain visual elements in movies can evoke a tactile sensation, allowing audiences to \u2018feel\u2019 the images rather than just see them.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>techniques such as editing and camera movement can activate multiple senses, resulting in a more immersive and engaging viewing experience.<a href=\"\"><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gamestudies.org\/1601\/articles\/parisi\">Shocking Grasps: An Archaeology of Electrotactile Game Mechanics<\/a>: Game Studies the international journal of<br>computer game research<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Electrocution can be simulated by surprise and sudden feeling<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Constant vibration brings fatigue<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/source.android.com\/docs\/core\/interaction\/haptics\/haptics-constants-primitives\">Implement constants and primitives<\/a>: Android Open Source Project<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Short primitives: Primitives with short duration, usually less than 20 ms. These are CLICK, TICK and LOW_TICK.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chirp primitives: Primitives with varying amplitude and frequency, usually with a longer duration than short primitives. These are SLOW_RISE, QUICK_RISE, QUCK_FALL, THUD, and SPIN.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This is the list of resources that guided our exploration. Psychology A Touch to Remember The sense of touch generates surprisingly powerful and long-lasting memories: Scientific American January 8, 2019 Feel Effects: Enriching Storytelling with Haptic Feedback: ACM Symposium on Applied Perception (SAP) 2014 Chapter on Touch, page 429-447, Sensation and Perception 6th by Jeremy [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-470","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/470","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=470"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/470\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":513,"href":"https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/470\/revisions\/513"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/projects.etc.cmu.edu\/tacit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=470"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}